The resulting layout is illustrated above.Ĭlicking on a character brings up elements of the rationale behind its position, which takes into account the quantitative and qualitative criteria that presided over the design of the new AZERTY layout.It is often frustrating for learners of French language when it is not possible to type a specific character. We developed an optimization process that was used by the experts of the AFNOR standardization committee to design a keyboard layout that can be useful for everyone. The design of the new AZERTY layout was therefore supported by advanced algorithmic methods. Juggling all these criteria and constraints is very difficult if you do it by hand. How useful should it be to IT engineers, or to social media users? Should it favor "formal" text input, or everyday speech? Should we favor speed and ergonomics, or make the characters easy to find? The content of the comments of each file has been removed from the corpus, but not the delimiters of these comments.Įvery step in this standardization process was focused on keyboard users, but it is difficult to decide what constitutes a good layout : These files have been collected from the Github platform in 10 projects of more than 1000 lines of code (LOC) per language. (?) The "Programming" corpus category consists of text files in four popular programming languages (C++, Java, Python, Javascript) and two presentation languages (HTML, CSS). The content, grammar, spelling, and use of special characters in these publications have not been corrected a posteriori to reflect realistic usage. Informal (?) The "Informal" corpus category contains anonymized emails, and the thousand most recent posts from 10 popular Twitter accounts and 10 popular Facebook accounts as of August 2016. It includes all Wikipedia pages in French in June 2014, legal texts on environmental and labor legislation, written questions addressed to the Official Journal of the European Union and the corresponding answers, transcripts of radio broadcasts, and articles from recognized French news papers. This web page is intended to serve as a reference for anyone interested in exploring the new AZERTY layout, and to learn more about the methods behind its design.įormal (?) The "Formal" corpus category is made of French texts, either written by professionals or corrected daily by a dedicated community. These are based on the results of the most recent research in the field of text input, on a large amount of French text data (including newspapers, programming code, and Twitter posts), and on large-scale studies of keyboard typing speed. The new AZERTY layout has been developed using computer algorithms. Yet, characters are still easy to locate thanks to intuitive groupings.It includes almost 60 additional characters for foreign languages, technical content, etc.It is designed to be more ergonomic and to allow faster input.It contains the entire set of characters required to type in French (for example É, œ et «).However, it is in many respects superior to the old keyboard : It describes two layouts, one of which closely follows the AZERTY keyboard used by most people who write in French. The project was launched at the end of 2015 onįrom the Délégation générale à la langue française et aux langues de France (Ministry of Culture), based on the observation that the current "azerty" keyboards constrain the writing of French, regional languages and European languages with a Latin alphabet.įor the first time, a standard (NF Z71-300) defines the placement of characters on the French keyboard.
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